All bacteria shapes8/4/2023 Small size is extremely important because it allows for a large surface area-to-volume ratio which allows for rapid uptake and intracellular distribution of nutrients and excretion of wastes. 10 9 cells/ml) yields about 1 g wet cell mass. Therefore, a typical fully grown 1-liter culture of Escherichia coli (at an optical density of 1.0, corresponding to c. About half of the dry mass of a bacterial cell consists of carbon, and also about half of it can be attributed to proteins. The dry mass of a single cell can be estimated as 23% of the wet mass, amounting to 0.2 pg. This corresponds to a wet mass of about 1 picogram (pg), assuming that the cell consists mostly of water. For example, Escherichia coli cells, an "average" sized bacterium, are about 2 µm ( micrometres) long and 0.5 µm in diameter, with a cell volume of 0.6–0.7 μm 3. Perhaps the most obvious structural characteristic of bacteria is (with some exceptions) their small size. Bacteria generally form distinctive cell morphologies when examined by light microscopy and distinct colony morphologies when grown on Petri plates. Caulobacter) and some produce elaborate structures bearing reproductive spores (e.g. Some bacteria have complex life cycles involving the production of stalks and appendages (e.g. coccobacillus (between a sphere and a rod)Ĭell shape is generally characteristic of a given bacterial species, but can vary depending on growth conditions.Perhaps the most elemental structural property of bacteria is their morphology (shape). Bacteria come in a wide variety of shapes.
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